Candidatii pentru presedintia Romaniei din acest an isi definesc acut pozitiile trans-partinic si post-partinic. Este o postura uninominala agresiva. Da, campania prezidentiala a avut mereu trasaturi uninominale dar componenta de partid a fost centrala pana acum 5 ani, cand alegerile erau simultane cu cele parlamentare si metoda de reprezentare pentru parlament era cea de lista.
Fiecare candidat incearca sa depaseasca haina partidului propriu sau cadrele generale ale partidelor. Este mai mult decat o definire a candidaturii in jurul propriei persoane; partea asta vine oarecum natural si candidatii nu se chinuie foarte mult sa “fie” intr-un anume fel, ci sunt ei, asa cum ii stim de mai mult timp; nu va faceti iluzii.
Nu, e mai mult de atat. Mesajul comun al prezidentialilor este ca: partidele sunt intr-o criza de reprezentare. De reprezentare a cetatenilor. Si fiecare in felul sau se intoarce impotriva partidelor.
Dar scopul unui sistem uninominal nu este postura anti-sistem, anti-partide. Asta e doar abaterea romaneasca. In varianta sa obisnuita, uninominalul ar impinge partidele sa se reorienteze, sa isi redefineasca oferta.
Asta nu inseamna sa iubesti partidele si sa nu vezi ce sunt ele acum, cat de “stricate” sunt. Ci sa propui ceva, ceva care continua un cadru democratic de reprezentare incluzand partidele, o reforma a lor, a republicii samd.
In termeni clasici, alternativa la oligarhie nu e tirania; de asemenea, daca democratia s-a deteriorat nu inseamna ca trebuie sa mergem si mai jos, intr-un determinism stupid.
Sa nu uitam cum s-a purtat discutia reformei electorale la nivel de Parlament si presedinti de consilii judetene si care au fost doua argumente in oglinda.
– Ion Iliescu a fost unul din cei care s-au opus metodei uninominale de reprezentare. Argumentul central era diluarea identitatii de partid, destructurarea partidelor. Insa temerea sa cea mare nu era de sorginte democratica, ci una provenita din dorinta de a conserva acel sistem politic antidemocratic, o retea clientelara, un sistem croit in anii 90 dupa chipul sau si al fostului PCR.
– Traian Basescu a sustinut metoda uninominala, dupa formula “ca la primar”, pentru a scoate in prim plan liderul. Dar din nou, impulsul sau nu era de natura democratica, ci de construire a unui nou tip de sistem oligarhic, simplificat, o piramida de interese intr-un fel mult mai eficienta pentru beneficiarii sai.
Momentul electoral 2009 e diferit. Tentatia populista anti-sistem e mare. Insa o candidatura reformatoare si nu “radicala” ar putea intoarce drumul pe care ne asezam orbeste.
Fiind mai optimist din fire, cred ca situatia descrisa de Cristi este mai degraba asemanatoare cu cea din Franta unde respectivii candidati devin usor “larger than life” in preajma alegerilor tocmai pentru a arata ca ei sunt “peste”, si pot reprezenta mai bine populatia. Desigur, dupa alegeri e business as usual.
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